Group. For this genus, the richness showed upward tendency with the boost of pH (Figure 9C), whereas for the basic fungal community the richness decreased using the improve of pH (Figure 9A).Figure 9. Linear regression involving pH value and fungal OTU richness (A), bacterial OTU richness (B), and richness of OTU belonging for the fungal genus Emericellopsis (C).three.4. Fungal and Bacterial CoOccurrence NetworksBiology 2021, 10,14 ofNetwork evaluation (Figure 10) showed that considerable positive interactions dominated the microbial neighborhood of your Julong hot springs with an incredibly higher percentage of positive correlations in both fungal (100 ) and bacterial (93 ) communities (Table S7). The fungal network exhibited a very basic structure as reflected by a very low number of nodes and edges, too as average degree (Figure 10A and Table S7). Around the contrary, a a great deal much more complex network structure was discovered for the bacterial neighborhood, with significantly distinctive topological properties in comparison with the fungal network (Figure 10B and Table S7). Phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Rozellomycota had essentially the most abundant interactions with other nodes in the fungal network (Figure 10A). Bacterial phyla Patescibacteria Armatimonadetes, Deinococcus hermus, and Bacteroidetes had high correlations with other members (Figure 10B). Fungal genus Ciliophora (OTU2 and OTU659) and bacterial genera Chloracidobacterium (OTU8) and Meiothermus (OTU2504) played significant interactive roles in their communities.Figure ten. Sediment OTUs network evaluation from the Julong hot springs (Fruchterman eingold layout). (A) Network of fungal community; (B) network of bacterial community. Each node represents an OTU indicating a single species. Color codes for nodes belonging to distinctive dominant phyla. The node size is proportional to the degree (degree: number of direct correlations to a node). Optimistic interactions are displayed as red edges and negative interactions are displayed as blue edges.Biology 2021, 10,15 of3.5. Comparison of CultureDependent and CultureIndependent Microbial Diversity Analyses We compared the results of culturedependent and cultureindependent microbial diversity analyses performed on the 20 collected hot spring sediment samples (Figure 11). For the fungal community, only the phylum Ascomycota and Mucoromycota had been found from culturebased evaluation, even though the other nine phyla were also detected by metabarcoding analysis (Figure 11A). Numerous dominant fungal genera according to the cultureindependent method had been also found from fungal isolation, such as Emericellopsis, Cladosporium, Plectosphaerella, Penicillium, and Aspergillus (Figure 11B). For the bacterial community, cultureindependent evaluation showed that the studied hot springs Buformin custom synthesis harbored various bacterial phyla and genera, even though only two phyla (Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and 4 genera (Chryseobacterium, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas) have been recovered making use of culturedependent evaluation (Figure 11C). Isolated bacterial strains belonging towards the genera Chryseobacterium, Ipsapirone References Sphingomonas, and Pseudomonas have been also detected in the cultureindependent method, occupying extremely little proportions (0.00153 , 0.04868 , and 0.05038 , respectively) of the total diversity (Figure 11D).Biology 2021, 10,16 ofFigure 11. Comparison of culturedependent and cultureindependent analysis procedures on the fungal neighborhood in the phylum (A) and genus (B) levels, along with the bacterial neighborhood at the p.
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