Shown in Figure 2 is is expressed in chemical formulation as follows [24,25]: pressed in

Shown in Figure 2 is is expressed in chemical formulation as follows [24,25]: pressed in chemical formulation as follows [24,25]: CH3(CH2)nCOO- Na (where n is usually a multiplier amongst 12 0 18 [17]: and – Na Na (where n is ordinarily a multiplier in between 12 and 18 [17]: – (exactly where n is normally a multiplier in between 12 and 18 [17]: CH3CH3(CH2)nCOO – (CH2)nCOO CH3 (CH2)n COO Na (exactly where n is typically a multiplier involving 12 and 18 [17]: CHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCH C \ 0 (1) 0 0 O a CHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCH C (1) CHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCH C\ C CHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCH non-polar hydrocarbon group Ionic group \ O a \ (1) (1) (water-insoluble) (water-soluble) O a O a Equationnon-polar hydrocarbon group (1) is simplified to: Ionic group (water-insoluble) non-polar hydrocarbon group Ionic group non-polar hydrocarbon group (water-soluble) Ionic group 0 (water-soluble) Equation (1) is simplified to: (water-insoluble) (water-insoluble) (water-soluble) (1) Equation (1) is simplified to: to: Equation (1) is simplified CH(CH) C (two) Equation (1) is simplified to: \ 0 0 0 O a CH(CH) C (two) CH(CH) C\ C CH(CH) (two) (two) with all the worth of “n” generally varying in between 12 and 18 [17]. O a \ \ Formula (two) is further simplified to: O a O a (two) together with the worth of “n” commonly varying in between 12 and 18 [17]. O Formula worth of “n”simplifiedvarying in between 1218 [17]. 18 [17]. with with the(two) is”n” commonly typically involving betweenandand[17]. the together with the value of “n” varying varying 12 and 12 18 value of additional ordinarily to: Formula (two) is further simplified to: to: simplified Formula (two) is further simplified “R” – C (three) O \ O O O a “R” – C (three) “R” “R” \ C – – C (three) (three) O a \ \ Similarly, a common cationic emulsifying agent shown in Figure three, is depicted as: (3) O a O a Similarly, a standard cationic emulsifying agent shown in Figure three, is depicted as: Similarly, a standard cationic emulsifying agent shown in Figure 3, is depicted as: H Similarly, a typical cationic emulsifying agent shown in Figure three, is3, is depicted as: Similarly, a standard cationic emulsifying agent shown in Figure depicted as: | “R” – N – Cl (4) H\ | | H HH H (four) “R” – N | -| Cl (4) | – N Cl Cl \ – – “R” – N “R” (four) (four) H | \H is the properties and stability in the emulsion | \a function of several variables, like the chemical properties with the emulsifyingH H (e.g., the length from the carbon-tail agent H H shown as “n”), the percentage on the emulsifying agent added through the emulsifying procedure, the manufacturing approach as well as the properties in the bitumen. With regards to chemical stability, it’s worth noting that the bond strengths between the various atoms in the emulsifying agent differ substantially. These bond strengths could also play a significant part inside the stability on the emulsion, specially in mixture with a second nano-particle and/or when a modification to the emulsification agent is introduced. The bond strengths in between some of the key atoms D-Tyrosine Cancer comprising the emulsifying agent are summarised in Figure three (compiled from published facts [28]). From Figure 3, it is seen that the bond strengths among the elements comprising an anionic emulsifying agent (pink arrow combinations) are considerably stronger than the bond strengths comprising the common cationic emulsifying agent (green arrow combinations). This simplified chemistry explains the common trends located in the stability ordinarily connected with anionic versus cationic Alexidine Apoptosis bitumen emulsions in practi.